| Convolutidae | |
|---|---|
![]()  | |
| Flatworm-like Waminoa sp. on Plerogyra sp. | |
| Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota | 
| Kingdom: | Animalia | 
| Phylum: | Xenacoelomorpha | 
| Order: | Acoela | 
| Superfamily: | Aberrantospermata | 
| Family: | Convolutidae Graff, 1905  | 
| Synonyms | |
  | |
Convolutidae is a family of acoels. It contains more than a third of all known acoel species.[1][2]
Description
The family Convolutidae includes acoels with a ventral mouth opening and a body-wall musculature composed both dorsally and ventrally by circular, longitudinal, and longitudinal crossover muscle fibers. The ventral body wall also has a group of U-shaped fibers.[1] Most species are symbionts with algae.[1] The anterior end has a cluster of frontal glands, a pair of eyes and a statocyst. The body has pigmented lens. Intestine and excretory system is absent. It is hermaphrodite but protandry is common.
Taxonomy
Genera
There are 25 genera in the family Convolutidae.[3][4] The type genus is Convoluta.
- Achoerus Beklemischev, 1914
 - Adenopea Antonius, 1968
 - Amphiscolops Graff, 1904
 - Antrosagittifera Hooge & Tyler, 2001
 - Brachypea Antonius, 1968
 - Conaperta Antonius, 1968
 - Convoluta Ørsted, 1843
 - Convolutriloba Hendelberg & Akesson, 1988
 - Haplodiscus Weldon, 1888
 - Heterochaerus Haswell, 1905
 - Neochildia Bush, 1975
 - Oligochoerus Beklemischev, 1963
 - Oxyposthia Ivanov, 1952
 - Pelophila Dörjes, 1968
 - Philachoerus Dörjes, 1968
 - Polychoerus Mark, 1892
 - Praesagittifera Kostenko & Mamkaev, 1990
 - Pseudanaperus Dörjes, 1968
 - Pseudoconvoluta Beklemischev, 1929
 - Sagittifera Kostenko & Mamkaev, 1990
 - Stomatricha Hooge, 2003
 - Symsagittifera Kostenko & Mamkaev, 1990
 - Thalassoanaperus Hernandez, 2018
 - Waminoa Winsor, 1990
 - Wulguru Winsor, 1988
 
Species
There are over 100 species recognised in the family Convolutidae:[3]
- Achoerus caspius Beklemischev, 1914
 - Achoerus ferox Beklemischev, 1937
 - Achoerus pachycaudatus Dörjes, 1968
 - Adenopea cenata (Du Bois-Reymond Marcus, 1955)
 - Adenopea chuni (Brauner, 1920)
 - Adenopea illardata Löhner & Micoletzky, 1911
 - Adenopea illardatus (Lohner & Micoletzky, 1911)
 - Amphiscolops bermudensis Hyman 1939
 - Amphiscolops castellonensis Steinböck, 1954
 - Amphiscolops cinereus (Graff, 1874)
 - Amphiscolops evelinae Marcus 1947
 - Amphiscolops fuligineus Peebles 1913
 - Amphiscolops gemelliporus Marcus 1954
 - Amphiscolops gerundensis Steinböck, 1954
 - Amphiscolops japonicus Kato 1947
 - Amphiscolops marinelliensis Beltagi & Khafagi, 1984
 - Amphiscolops mosaicus Kozloff 1998
 - Amphiscolops potocani Achatz, 2008
 - Amphiscolops trifurcatus (Beltagi 1983)
 - Amphiscolops zeii Riedl 1956
 - Antrosagittifera corallina Hooge & Tyler, 2001
 - Brachypea kenoma Antonius 1968
 - Conaperta antonii Achatz, Hooge & Tyler, 2007
 - Conaperta cirrata Achatz, Hooge & Tyler, 2007
 - Conaperta flavibacillum (Jensen, 1878)
 - Conaperta lineata (Peebles, 1915)
 - Convoluta albomaculata (Pereyaslawzewa, 1892)
 - Convoluta baltica Meixner, 1938
 - Convoluta bimaculata Graff, 1882
 - Convoluta bohmigi (Brauner, 1920)
 - Convoluta borealis Sabussow 1900
 - Convoluta boyeri Bush 1984
 - Convoluta chiridotae (Beklemischev, 1915)
 - Convoluta confusa Graff 1904
 - Convoluta convoluta (Abildgaard, 1806)
 - Convoluta enelitta Antonius 1968
 - Convoluta furugelmi Mamkaev, 1971
 - Convoluta henseni Böhmig, 1895
 - Convoluta hipparchia Pereyaslawzewa 1892
 - Convoluta kikaiensis Yamasu 1982
 - Convoluta krana Antonius, 1968
 - Convoluta lacazii Graff 1891
 - Convoluta lacrimosa Achatz, Hooge & Tyler, 2007
 - Convoluta marginalis Ivanov 1952
 - Convoluta maris-alba (Sabussow, 1899)
 - Convoluta marisalbi Sabussov, 1900
 - Convoluta naviculae Yamasu 1982
 - Convoluta niphoni Achatz, 2008
 - Convoluta pelagica Lohner & Micoletzky 1911
 - Convoluta philippinensis Bush 1984
 - Convoluta punctata Riedl, 1959
 - Convoluta pygopora Antonius 1968
 - Convoluta schmidti Czerniavsky, 1881
 - Convoluta schuelii Achatz, 2008
 - Convoluta semperi Graff, 1882
 - Convoluta sordida Graff 1882
 - Convoluta thela (Antonius, 1968)
 - Convoluta uljanini Graff, 1904
 - Convoluta variabilis (Pereyaslawzewa, 1892)
 - Convolutriloba hastifera Winsor, 1990
 - Convolutriloba longifissura Bartolomaeus & Balzer, 1997
 - Convolutriloba macropyga Shannon & Achatz, 2007
 - Convolutriloba retrogemma Hendelberg & Akesson, 1988
 - Haplodiscus acuminatus Böhmig, 1895
 - Haplodiscus bocki Dörjes 1970
 - Haplodiscus incola (Leiper, 1902)
 - Haplodiscus obtusus Böhmig, 1895
 - Haplodiscus ovatus Böhmig, 1895
 - Haplodiscus piger Weldon 1888
 - Haplodiscus ussovi Sabussow, 1896
 - Haplodiscus weldoni Böhmig, 1895
 - Heterochaerus australis Haswell 1905
 - Heterochaerus blumi (Achatz, Hooge & Tyler, 2007)
 - Heterochaerus carvalhoi (Marcus, 1952)
 - Heterochaerus langerhansi (Graff, 1882)
 - Heterochaerus sargassi (Hyman 1939)
 - Neochildia fusca Bush, 1975
 - Oligochoerus bakuensis Beklemischev 1963
 - Oligochoerus chlorella Beklemischev 1963
 - Oligochoerus conops Beklemischev, 1963
 - Oligochoerus erythrophthalmus Beklemischev 1963
 - Oligochoerus limnophilus Ax & Doerjes 1966
 - Oligochoerus melanops Beklemischev 1963
 - Oligochoerus xanthella Beklemischev 1963
 - Oxyposthia praedator Ivanov 1952
 - Pelophila lutheri (Westblad, 1946)
 - Philachoerus johanni Dörjes, 1968
 - Praesagittifera gracilis (Yamasu, 1982)
 - Praesagittifera naikaiensis (Yamasu, 1982)
 - Praesagittifera shikoki Kostenko & Mamkaev 1990
 - Sagittifera sagittifera (Ivanov, 1952)
 - Stomatricha hochbergi Hooge, 2003
 - Thalassoanaperus australis (Westblad, 1952)
 - Thalassoanaperus biaculeatus (Boguta, 1970)
 - Thalassoanaperus gardineri (Graff, 1911)
 - Thalassoanaperus ornatus (Beltagi, 2001)
 - Thalassoanaperus rubellus (Westblad, 1945)
 - Thalassoanaperus singularis (Hooge & Smith, 2004)
 - Thalassoanaperus sulcatus (Beklemischev, 1914)
 - Thalassoanaperus tvaerminnensis (Luther, 1912)
 - Waminoa brickneri Ogunlana, Hooge, Tekle, Benayahu, Barneah & Tyler, 2005
 - Waminoa litus Winsor 1990
 - Wulguru cuspidata Winsor 1988
 
Notes
References
- 1 2 3 Hooge, M. D.; Tyler, S. (2005). "New tools for resolving phylogenies: a systematic revision of the Convolutidae (Acoelomorpha, Acoela)". Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. 43 (2): 100–113. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0469.2005.00301.x. ISSN 0947-5745.
 - ↑ Turbellarian taxonomic database, 2006.
 - 1 2 Seth Tyler (2010). "Convolutidae". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved May 29, 2021.
 - ↑ Nilsson, K.S., Wallberg, A., & Jondelius, U. (2011). "New species of Acoela from the Mediterranean, the Red Sea, and the South Pacific." Zootaxa 2867: 1-31.
 

