| Hymenoxys | |
|---|---|
![]()  | |
| Hymenoxys hoopesii | |
| Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae | 
| Clade: | Tracheophytes | 
| Clade: | Angiosperms | 
| Clade: | Eudicots | 
| Clade: | Asterids | 
| Order: | Asterales | 
| Family: | Asteraceae | 
| Subfamily: | Asteroideae | 
| Tribe: | Helenieae | 
| Subtribe: | Tetraneurinae | 
| Genus: | Hymenoxys Cass.  | 
| Type species | |
| Hymenoxys anthemoides (Juss.) Cass.[1]  | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
  | |
Hymenoxys (rubberweed or bitterweed) is a genus of plants in the sunflower family, native to North and South America.[3][1][4] It was named by Alexandre Henri Gabriel de Cassini in 1828.[1]
Plants of this genus are toxic to sheep due to the presence of the sesquiterpene lactone hymenoxon.[5][6][7]
- Hymenoxys ambigens - Pinaleno Mountain rubberweed - Arizona New Mexico
 - Hymenoxys anthemoides - Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina
 - Hymenoxys biennis - Utah
 - Hymenoxys bigelovii - Utah Arizona New Mexico
 - Hymenoxys brachyactis - East View rubberweed - New Mexico
 - Hymenoxys brandegeei - Arizona New Mexico Colorado
 - Hymenoxys cabrerae - Argentina
 - Hymenoxys californica - California, Baja California
 - Hymenoxys chrysanthemoides - San Luis Potosí, Veracruz, Zacatecas, México State, Puebla, Oaxaca, Hidalgo
 - Hymenoxys cooperi - Cooper's rubberweed - California Nevada Arizona Utah Idaho Oregon New Mexico
 - Hymenoxys grandiflora - New Mexico Colorado Wyoming Montana Utah Idaho
 - Hymenoxys helenioides - intermountain rubberweed - Arizona New Mexico Colorado Utah
 - Hymenoxys hoopesii - owl claws - New Mexico Colorado Wyoming Montana Utah Idaho Oregon Nevada California
 - Hymenoxys insignis - Nuevo León, Coahuila, Chihuahua
 - Hymenoxys jamesii - Arizona
 - Hymenoxys lemmonii - Lemmon's rubberweed - Arizona Oregon Nevada California
 - Hymenoxys multiflora - Texas New Mexico
 - Hymenoxys mutica - California
 - Hymenoxys odorata - bitter rubberweed - California Arizona New Mexico Texas Oklahoma Colorado Kansas Maine South Carolina Alabama, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Tamaulipas
 - Hymenoxys quinquesquamata - rincon rubberweed - Arizona New Mexico
 - Hymenoxys richardsonii - pingue rubberweed, Colorado rubberweed - Alberta, Saskatchewan, Montana Idaho Wyoming Utah Colorado New Mexico Arizona Texas Nebraska North Dakota Nevada
 - Hymenoxys robusta - Bolivia, Argentina, Peru
 - Hymenoxys rusbyi - Arizona New Mexico
 - Hymenoxys subintegra - Arizona rubberweed - Arizona Utah
 - Hymenoxys texana - prairie dawn - Texas
 - Hymenoxys tweediei - Argentina
 - Hymenoxys vaseyi - Texas New Mexico
 
- formerly included[11]
 
- Hymenoxys acaulis is now called Tetraneuris acaulis
 - Hymenoxys argentea now Tetraneuris argentea
 - Hymenoxys depressa now Tetraneuris torreyana
 - Hymenoxys glabra now Tetraneuris scaposa
 - Hymenoxys herbacea now Tetraneuris herbacea
 - Hymenoxys integrifolia now Helenium integrifolium
 - Hymenoxys ivesiana now Tetraneuris ivesiana
 - Hymenoxys lapidicola now Tetraneuris torreyana
 - Hymenoxys linearifolia now Tetraneuris linearifolia
 - Hymenoxys scaposa now Tetraneuris scaposa
 - Hymenoxys torreyana now Tetraneuris torreyana
 - Hymenoxys turneri now Tetraneuris turneri
 
References
- 1 2 3 Tropicos, Hymenoxys Cass.
 - 1 2 "Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist". Archived from the original on 2014-12-02. Retrieved 2014-12-02.
 - ↑ Cassini, Alexandre Henri Gabriel de, in Cuvier, F. 1828. Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles [Second edition] 55: 278–279in French
 - ↑ Flora of North America, Bitterweed, rubberweed, Hymenoxys Cassini 1828.
 - ↑ Everitt, J.H.; Lonard, R.L.; Little, C.R. (2007). Weeds in South Texas and Northern Mexico. Lubbock: Texas Tech University Press. ISBN 0-89672-614-2
 - ↑ Pfeiffer, F. A. and M. C. Calhoun. (1987). Effects of environmental, site, and phenological factors on hymenoxon content of bitterweed, Hymenoxys odorata. Journal of Animal Science 65 1553-62.
 - ↑ Texas A&M University, Toxicity: H. odorata Archived 2007-07-03 at the Wayback Machine
 - ↑ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
 - ↑ Turner, B. L. 2013. The comps of Mexico. A systematic account of the family Asteraceae (chapter 11: tribe Helenieae). Phytologia Memoirs 16: 1–100.
 - ↑ The Plant List search for Hymenoxys
 - 1 2 The Plant List, search for Hymenoxys
 
External links
- Jepson Manual Treatment, University of California
 - United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile
 
    This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.
